Palladium

Product Information

Molecular Formula:
Pd
Molecular Weight:
106.42000
Description
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst. The metal is supported on activated carbon in order to maximize its surface area and activity.
Synonyms
Palladium (powder),Palladium black,Palladium element
IUPAC Name
palladium
Canonical SMILES
[Pd]
InChI
InChI=1S/Pd
InChI Key
KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
3167°C
Melting Point
1555°C
Flash Point
Not applicable
Purity
95%
Density
1.025 g/mL at 25°C
Solubility
Soluble in aqua regia and fused alkalies; insoluble in organic acids
Appearance
powder.
Application
Among the platinum group metals, palladium is the least noble metal, exhibiting greater reactivity than other metals of the group. The metal forms mostly bivalent compounds, although a small number of tetravalent and a fewer trivalent compounds are known. Palladium exhibits a strong tendency to form complexes, most of which are four-coordinated square planar complexes of the metal in +2 oxidation state. When heated in air or oxygen above 350°C, palladium forms a black oxide, PdO coated over its surface. On further heating to over 790°C, the oxide decomposes back to the metal. Palladium dissolves more oxygen in molten state than in solid form.

Palladium reacts with fluorine and chlorine at 500°C forming its halides, the black PdF3 and the red deliquescent solid PdCl2.

Palladium is attacked by concentrated nitric acid, particularly in the presence of nitrogen oxides. The reaction is slow in dilute nitric acid. Finely divided palladium metal reacts with warm nitric acid forming palladium(II) nitrate, Pd(NO3)2. Hydrochloric acid has no affect on the metal. Reaction with boiling sulfuric acid yields palladium sulfate, PdSO4, and sulfur dioxide.

Palladium readily dissolves in aqua regia forming chloropalladic acid, H2PdCl6. Evaporation of this solution yields palladium(II) chloride, PdCl2.

Palladium absorbs hydrogen over 800 times its own volume over a range of temperature. By doing so, the metal swells, becoming brittle and cracked. Such absorption of hydrogen decreases the electrical conductivity of the metal. Also, such absorption activates molecular hydrogen, dissociating it to atomic hydrogen.
Storage
Store at RT.
Stability
Stable. Flammable - fine powder may cause fire or explosion in air. Incompatible with ozone, sodium tetrahydroborate, sulphur, arsenic.
Vapor Pressure
3.47 Pa (0.0260 mm Hg) at 1552 °C
Decomposition
No decomposition. /from table/

Safety Information

Hazards
H228 - H315 - H319 - H335
Precautionary Statement
P210 - P302 + P352 - P305 + P351 + P338
Signal Word
Danger

Computed Properties

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
105.90348 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
105.90348 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
0Ų
Heavy Atom Count
1
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
0
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes

Patents

Publication Number Title Priority Date
US-2015266876-A1 Process of preparing 3-(3-(4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl)-5-phenyl-3h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine 2014-03-24
US-2014272144-A1 Stable catalysts for electroless metallization 2013-03-15
US-9441300-B2 Stable catalysts for electroless metallization 2013-03-15
US-2012035375-A1 Di-tin fused thiophene compounds and polymers and methods of making 2010-08-06
US-2012028954-A1 Substituted Pyridine, Pyridazine, Pyrazine And Pyrimidine Compounds And Methods For Using The Same 2010-07-29
US-2012017994-A1 Conjugated polymer, method for preparing the same, and optoelectronic device employing the same 2010-07-21
US-2012015942-A1 Substituted hydroxamic acids and uses thereof 2010-07-19
US-2012012824-A1 Metal complex compound and organic light emitting diode device including the same 2010-07-14
US-2011315225-A1 Electron-donating polymers and organic solar cells including the same 2010-06-25
US-2011315224-A1 Electron Donating Polymer And Organic Solar Cell Including The Same 2010-06-24

Literatures

PMID Publication Date Title Journal
32726870 2020-09-01 Radiosynthesis of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, [11 C]Tolebrutinib, via palladium-NiXantphos-mediated carbonylation Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals
30460842 2018-12-13 Application of Sequential Palladium Catalysis for the Discovery of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Benzo[ c]pyrrolo[2,3- h][1,6]naphthyridin-5-one (BPN) Series Journal of medicinal chemistry
29512227 2018-04-01 Synthesis and characterization of four novel palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, diclofenac and mefenamic acid: In vitro effect of these complexes on human serum paraoxanase1 activity Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology
23953191 2013-10-01 Design, synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of novel 2-substituted-3H-benzofuro benzofurans via palladium-copper catalysed Sonagashira coupling reaction Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters
23827234 2013-09-01 Synthesis and biological activity of benzo-fused 7-deazaadenosine analogues. 5- and 6-substituted 4-amino- or 4-alkylpyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
23692033 2013-06-01 Transition metal sensing by Toll-like receptor-4: next to nickel, cobalt and palladium are potent human dendritic cell stimulators Contact dermatitis
22857905 2013-01-15 Highly amplified electrochemiluminescence of peroxydisulfate using bienzyme functionalized palladium nanoparticles as labels for ultrasensitive immunoassay Biosensors & bioelectronics
23026300 2013-01-01 Synthesis of noble metal/graphene nanocomposites without surfactants by one-step reduction of metal salt and graphene oxide Journal of colloid and interface science
23010318 2012-12-15 High ethanol sensitivity of palladium/TiO2 nanobelt surface heterostructures dominated by enlarged surface area and nano-Schottky junctions Journal of colloid and interface science
23080018 2012-12-07 Synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 2-(4-morpholinyl)pyrimidines by cross-coupling reactions using triorganoindium compounds Organic & biomolecular chemistry
The molarity calculator equation

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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