Palladium
Product Information
Molecular Formula
Pd
Molecular Weight
106.42000
Description
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst. The metal is supported on activated carbon in order to maximize its surface area and activity.
Synonyms
Palladium (powder),Palladium black,Palladium element
IUPAC Name
palladium
SMILES
[Pd]
InChI
InChI=1S/Pd
InChI Key
KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point
3167°C
Melting Point
1555°C
Flash Point
Not applicable
Purity
95%
Density
1.025 g/mL at 25°C
Solubility
Soluble in aqua regia and fused alkalies; insoluble in organic acids
Appearance
powder.
Application
Among the platinum group metals, palladium is the least noble metal, exhibiting greater reactivity than other metals of the group. The metal forms mostly bivalent compounds, although a small number of tetravalent and a fewer trivalent compounds are known. Palladium exhibits a strong tendency to form complexes, most of which are four-coordinated square planar complexes of the metal in +2 oxidation state. When heated in air or oxygen above 350°C, palladium forms a black oxide, PdO coated over its surface. On further heating to over 790°C, the oxide decomposes back to the metal. Palladium dissolves more oxygen in molten state than in solid form.
Palladium reacts with fluorine and chlorine at 500°C forming its halides, the black PdF3 and the red deliquescent solid PdCl2.
Palladium is attacked by concentrated nitric acid, particularly in the presence of nitrogen oxides. The reaction is slow in dilute nitric acid. Finely divided palladium metal reacts with warm nitric acid forming palladium(II) nitrate, Pd(NO3)2. Hydrochloric acid has no affect on the metal. Reaction with boiling sulfuric acid yields palladium sulfate, PdSO4, and sulfur dioxide.
Palladium readily dissolves in aqua regia forming chloropalladic acid, H2PdCl6. Evaporation of this solution yields palladium(II) chloride, PdCl2.
Palladium absorbs hydrogen over 800 times its own volume over a range of temperature. By doing so, the metal swells, becoming brittle and cracked. Such absorption of hydrogen decreases the electrical conductivity of the metal. Also, such absorption activates molecular hydrogen, dissociating it to atomic hydrogen.
Palladium reacts with fluorine and chlorine at 500°C forming its halides, the black PdF3 and the red deliquescent solid PdCl2.
Palladium is attacked by concentrated nitric acid, particularly in the presence of nitrogen oxides. The reaction is slow in dilute nitric acid. Finely divided palladium metal reacts with warm nitric acid forming palladium(II) nitrate, Pd(NO3)2. Hydrochloric acid has no affect on the metal. Reaction with boiling sulfuric acid yields palladium sulfate, PdSO4, and sulfur dioxide.
Palladium readily dissolves in aqua regia forming chloropalladic acid, H2PdCl6. Evaporation of this solution yields palladium(II) chloride, PdCl2.
Palladium absorbs hydrogen over 800 times its own volume over a range of temperature. By doing so, the metal swells, becoming brittle and cracked. Such absorption of hydrogen decreases the electrical conductivity of the metal. Also, such absorption activates molecular hydrogen, dissociating it to atomic hydrogen.
Storage
Store at RT.
Stability
Stable. Flammable - fine powder may cause fire or explosion in air. Incompatible with ozone, sodium tetrahydroborate, sulphur, arsenic.
Vapor Pressure
3.47 Pa (0.0260 mm Hg) at 1552 °C
Decomposition
No decomposition. /from table/
Safety Information
Hazards
H228 - H315 - H319 - H335
Precautionary Statement
P210 - P302 + P352 - P305 + P351 + P338
Signal Word
Danger
Computed Properties
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
105.90348 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
105.90348 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
0Ų
Heavy Atom Count
1
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
0
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Patents
| Publication Number | Title | Priority Date |
|---|---|---|
| US-2015266876-A1 | Process of preparing 3-(3-(4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl)-5-phenyl-3h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine | 2014-03-24 |
| US-2014272144-A1 | Stable catalysts for electroless metallization | 2013-03-15 |
| US-9441300-B2 | Stable catalysts for electroless metallization | 2013-03-15 |
| US-2012035375-A1 | Di-tin fused thiophene compounds and polymers and methods of making | 2010-08-06 |
| US-2012028954-A1 | Substituted Pyridine, Pyridazine, Pyrazine And Pyrimidine Compounds And Methods For Using The Same | 2010-07-29 |
| US-2012017994-A1 | Conjugated polymer, method for preparing the same, and optoelectronic device employing the same | 2010-07-21 |
| US-2012015942-A1 | Substituted hydroxamic acids and uses thereof | 2010-07-19 |
| US-2012012824-A1 | Metal complex compound and organic light emitting diode device including the same | 2010-07-14 |
| US-2011315225-A1 | Electron-donating polymers and organic solar cells including the same | 2010-06-25 |
| US-2011315224-A1 | Electron Donating Polymer And Organic Solar Cell Including The Same | 2010-06-24 |
Literatures
| PMID | Publication Date | Title | Journal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32726870 | 2020-09-01 | Radiosynthesis of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, [11 C]Tolebrutinib, via palladium-NiXantphos-mediated carbonylation | Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals |
| 30460842 | 2018-12-13 | Application of Sequential Palladium Catalysis for the Discovery of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Benzo[ c]pyrrolo[2,3- h][1,6]naphthyridin-5-one (BPN) Series | Journal of medicinal chemistry |
| 29512227 | 2018-04-01 | Synthesis and characterization of four novel palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine, diclofenac and mefenamic acid: In vitro effect of these complexes on human serum paraoxanase1 activity | Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology |
| 23953191 | 2013-10-01 | Design, synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of novel 2-substituted-3H-benzofuro benzofurans via palladium-copper catalysed Sonagashira coupling reaction | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters |
| 23827234 | 2013-09-01 | Synthesis and biological activity of benzo-fused 7-deazaadenosine analogues. 5- and 6-substituted 4-amino- or 4-alkylpyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry |
| 23692033 | 2013-06-01 | Transition metal sensing by Toll-like receptor-4: next to nickel, cobalt and palladium are potent human dendritic cell stimulators | Contact dermatitis |
| 22857905 | 2013-01-15 | Highly amplified electrochemiluminescence of peroxydisulfate using bienzyme functionalized palladium nanoparticles as labels for ultrasensitive immunoassay | Biosensors & bioelectronics |
| 23026300 | 2013-01-01 | Synthesis of noble metal/graphene nanocomposites without surfactants by one-step reduction of metal salt and graphene oxide | Journal of colloid and interface science |
| 23010318 | 2012-12-15 | High ethanol sensitivity of palladium/TiO2 nanobelt surface heterostructures dominated by enlarged surface area and nano-Schottky junctions | Journal of colloid and interface science |
| 23080018 | 2012-12-07 | Synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 2-(4-morpholinyl)pyrimidines by cross-coupling reactions using triorganoindium compounds | Organic & biomolecular chemistry |
